Abstract:Package managers are legion. Every programming language and operating system has its own solution, each with subtly different semantics for dependency resolution. This fragmentation prevents multilingual projects from expressing precise dependencies across language ecosystems; it leaves external system and hardware dependencies implicit and unversioned; it obscures security vulnerabilities that lie in the full dependency graph. We present the \textit{Package Calculus}, a formalism for dependency resolution that unifies the core semantics of diverse package managers. Through a series of formal reductions, we show how this core is expressive enough to model the diversity that real-world package managers employ in their dependency expression languages. By using the Package Calculus as the intermediate representation of dependencies, we enable translation between distinct package managers and resolution across ecosystems.
这向上的顽强冲力无声无息，却比任何呐喊都更加撼动人心。它不问为何而生，更不虑如何终老，只是存在着、生长着，完成一次“生”的庄严历程。相比之下，人类或许因了太多的意义追问，反而失了这份自然的纯粹的勃发劲头。人们总在不断地张望、回溯，像一棵犹豫该往何处分蘖枝丫的树，却忘了生命最初也是最本质的冲动，便是如这草芽一般向着光，沉默而坚定地肆意生长。
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全国人大常委会副委员长李鸿忠、王东明、肖捷、郑建邦、丁仲礼、蔡达峰、何维、武维华、铁凝、彭清华、张庆伟、洛桑江村、雪克来提·扎克尔，秘书长刘奇出席会议。